gh150

The CfA survey showing large scale structures out to a distance of 150 Mpc, that is, about 2% of the distance to the edge of the observed universe. Galaxy positions are plotted as white points and large filamentary and sheet-like structures are evident, as well as bubble-like voids (CfA) (http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/research/gr/public/gal_lss.html).

 

slice3

 

 

FigC_7

 

1 Parsec = 3.26163344 light year

 

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/astro801/files/astro801/image/sdss_pie.jpg

 

http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept03/Peacock/Figures/figure4.jpg

 

 

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ISqKGSvA_2s/S694-VghCII/AAAAAAAABX0/bMwbGnUkOPA/s1600/galaxies_black400.jpg

 

 

Nearsc

The Universe within 500 million Light Years, showing the nearest galaxy walls (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_filament)

sculptor-wall1

 

6a00d8341bf7f753ef016760fa424c970b-pi

http://tecnoscience.squarespace.com/journal/?currentPage=56

 

 

 

 

 

In mid-2000 preliminary results of a more extensive count (~106,000) of galaxy distribution with distance in two slices of the celestial sphere (each about 75° across, 8 - 15° thick, and out to ~ 4 billion light years from Earth), known as the 2 Degree Field Redshift Galaxy Survey, was announced at the annual American Astronomical Union (AAU) meeting. This is the map presented there:

 

2dFzcone_small

 

 

http://www.roe.ac.uk/~jap/2df/

2dFslice

http://astro.berkeley.edu/~louis/astro228/index.html

nature04805-f1

http://forum.celestialmatters.org/viewtopic.php?t=345

2dFzcones

http://www.astro.gla.ac.uk/users/martin/outreach/lss.html

 

2dFzcone

http://www.csu.edu/faculty/kcoble/cosmo/for_cyberspace/lss.html

 

 

1322_2114c

http://ganymede.nmsu.edu/tharriso/ast110/class25.html

 

greatwall

 

figure13

Figure. Void and wall galaxies in the SDSS. Shown is a projection of a 10 h-1 Mpc slab with wall galaxies plotted as black crosses and void galaxies plotted as red crosses. Blue circles indicate the intersection of the maximal sphere of each void with the midplane of the slab (from Pan et al. 2011).

This algorithm does not assume that voids are entirely devoid of galaxies and identifies void galaxies as those with three or less neighboring galaxies within a sphere defined by the mean and standard deviation of the distance to the third nearest neighbor for all galaxies.

 (http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/March12/Coil/Coil9.html)

 

 

Map of the positions of thousands of galaxies in the VIPERS survey

This map of a section of the Universe shows the positions of thousands of galaxies that were measured as part of the VIPERS survey with ESO’s Very Large Telescope. The observer on the Earth is at the left and galaxies towards the right are seen at earlier times in the history of the Universe. Redshift 0.65 corresponds to looking back about six billion years and redshift 1.0 to about eight billion years ago. The colours indicate the true colours of the galaxies — red objects are red elliptical galaxies and blue are star-forming spiral galaxies. The sizes of the blobs indicate the brightness of the galaxies. (https://cdn.eso.org/images/screen/ann13022a.jpg )

 

 

 

ANd9GcT_zFDAZbgwt3AutZDvZQhV2-yNYD0-m3CWQEshvIDz_v3HpyMG

A 2-D slice through BOSS’s full 3-D map of the universe to date. The black dots going out to about 7 billion light years are relatively nearby galaxies. The colored region beginning at about 10 billion light years is intergalactic hydrogen gas; red areas have more gas and blue areas have less. The blank region between is inaccessible to the Sloan Telescope, but the proposed BigBOSS survey would be able to observe it. (Anže Slosar and BOSS Lyman-alpha cosmology working group. Click on image for best resolution.

 (http://newscenter.lbl.gov/news-releases/2011/05/01/boss-quasars/)

 

If this figure shows two from the Seven ardhoan, then one would expect a radius of the universe of the order 12*4=48 billion light years.

 

 

f9d5e-supernovas___massive_gamma_ray_bursts__full_video__medium

November | 2013 | Holographic Galaxy

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Clowes has said that more large quasar groups could form larger structures. Galaxy clusters are over 99.9% plasmas and superfluids, with little normal ...

 

 

 

 

sama

 

 

cfa-map-big

http://astro.uchicago.edu/~andrey/misc/lss-cfa/PICTURES/3D-GALLERY/cfa-map-big.gif

 

cfa-aco4-small

http://astro.uchicago.edu/~andrey/misc/lss-cfa/PICTURES/3D-GALLERY/cfa-aco4-big.gif

File:Distance compared to z.png

Plot of distance (in giga light-years) vs. redshift according to the Lambda-CDM modeld_H (in solid black) is the comoving distance from Earth to the location with the Hubble redshift z while ct_{LB} (in dotted red) is the speed of light multiplied by the look back time to Hubble redshift z. The comoving distance is the physical space-like distance between here and the distant location, asymptoting to the size of the observable universe at some 47 billion light years. The lookback time is the distance a photon traveled from the time it was emitted to now divided by the speed of light, with a maximum distance of 13.8 billion light years corresponding to the age of the universe

Probably related to inflation period, when the universe radius grows immediately

 

 

 

 

File:Observable Universe with Measurements 01.png

Visualization of the 93 billion light year – or 28 billion parsec – three-dimensional observable universe. The scale is such that the fine grains represent collections of large numbers of superclusters. The Virgo Supercluster – home of Milky Way – is marked at the center, but is too small to be seen in the image (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png).

 

 

figure1

 

 

 

lcrs